Face Negotiation Theory Essay

The Face Negotiation Theory is established by Stella Ting-Toomey, which discusses the way by which people with different cultures communicate and manage conflict. In 1985, Stella Ting Toomey explains in her theory that disagreements and conflicts are usually brought about by identity management on the individualistic and collectivistic levels. The different facets that characterizes the identity of an individual or group is referred to as â€Å"faces†. Faces serves as the public image of an individual or group, which the society as a whole assessed depending upon the cultural norms and values of the people’s respective culture. According to Ting-Toomey, the distinction between individualistic and collectivists cultures is seen on how the former gives more importance to the face of the individual while the latter gives more attention to the welfare of the group (Gudykunst, 2005). The major tenets of the Face Negotiation Theory are greatly applicable with my life, especially since I interact with people that have different cultural background. I have friends who do not share the same culture that I have and sometimes this is the cause of misunderstandings between us because cultural differences also affect the values and principles that we have in life. However, I realized that in order to get along with my friends I need to understand and accept our differences and in doing so, I need to properly communicate with them in a way that shows my respect to their values and beliefs, which is actually one of the important things that is explained in the theory. In relation to this, I also learn that the theory can actually help me to enhance my communication process in the future wherein I could try having a more collectivistic face, which will allow me to give more importance to the welfare of the group rather than my individual interests. Moreover, I realized that the relevance of the Face Negotiation Theory has become more vital than ever because our society is becoming more interconnected with each other, especially with the greater interaction of different people all over the world. Reference Gudykunst, W. B. (2005). Theorizing about intercultural communication. California: SAGE.

The Beatles and the Rolling Stones in the 1960’s

â€Å"If you want to know about the sixties, then listen to the music of the Beatles†. This quote sums up the impact of the Beatles, who have become unaccountably linked with the sixties decade and all that it involved. The appeal of groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones has transcended the generations and created an interest among young people today. Is this purely an interest in reminiscence or are there other factors, which have continued to attract fans? At every stage in history, there are a number of forces that contribute to creating the climate for change, and the 1960's were no exception. For the Beatles and the Rolling Stones in the 1960's one of these factors was the baby-boomer generation. This was when there was a big increase in the quantity of children being born. This was due to people putting off having children during the war, but now it was over they were able to do so. This meant that there were more teenagers during the 1960's than usual. So any trends or fads that became popular with youngsters became loved by hundreds. Another factor is that teenagers were starting to have more of an impact in the society and culture at the time. This was mainly because they had more money to spend on clothes, magazines and records etc, so they had more power on what was going to be popular at the time. This resulted in the Beatles and Rolling Stones music being bought and listened too much more, compared to if no one had any money. A further big factor was the advances in new technology at the time, for example television and radio. This meant that everyone could listen to the new music that was appearing and they were able to be the first to find out who was number one – which was essential at the time. There was also the transistor radio, which allowed people to listen to music wherever they were. A cause for the two bands being successful was also about being in the right place at the right time, pure luck. If they had released their singles in the 1950's, they may not have been so successful because of the popular cultures present at the time. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones also helped to â€Å"knit together a youth sub culture†. They were the ones who encouraged them to live their lives as they wanted too, and not how they were always being told to live, by their parents – they taught them to be independent, and that it was acceptable to be independent. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones brought a new energy and a distinctive sound to their performances, which helped them to match the moods of the 1960's. The Beatles had an enormous ability to satisfy their fans, and they had a great freshness in each single that they released. The image that youngsters were seeing from the Beatles was young and vibrant – exactly what they wanted to see. They were clearly normal people, with qualities such as humour, charm, wit, inventiveness and cheek. The Beatles also had regional accents – which has not been seen before! They were regular guys trying to make it big – and they did! These characteristics can be seen clearly in some interview footage that we watched, with Paul's humour and George's cheekiness, showing that everyone loved them. The people of the sixties loved these characteristics; they felt that they could connect with the Beatles, as they were no different to them. Every song of the Beatles was written by one of the band members, as was the music, which accompanied the lyrics. This meant that they had unique sound and were original, compared to others around at the time. Each song released by the Beatles was enthusiastic and participatory for their audiences, whatever their age, meaning there was not a soul that didn't like what was being drummed into their ears. This can be seen through the song â€Å"Yellow Submarine† – the fans wanted Ringo to write a song and perform it, so he did. He knew that he wouldn't be successful performing the song, so he wrote a humorous song. This also shows the characteristics that he had. It furthermore shows that the Beatles were so popular, that they didn't mind releasing a single that could end in a complete disaster, because whatever they did release was loved! Previous music that had been released was mainly by solo artists, whereas the Beatles was a band, the first â€Å"boy band†. They, along with other bands around, like the Rolling stones, marked the move away from the individual style to the importance of the group. One thing that can be said about the Beatles is their distinctive style. When Brian Epstein became their manager he changed the way they looked, with new, fashionable haircuts and an innovative style of clothes. This meant that they were appealing to every class in the UK – nobody considered them to be too posh or too poor, they were just right, meaning no one had objections to them – not even the older generation who were very much against the changes in culture that were currently taking place. This meant that the Beatles were popular with everyone, meaning they impacted everyone's lives, with people beginning to follow the style of the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones would never have made it without the phenomenal amount of help they received from their managers, from advertising and commercial success. Andrew Oldham made the Rolling Stones what they were. He was a very dominating manager, and liked to be in control of everything that they were doing at any one time. This can be seen from when he locked the band in a room till they had their own music and lyrics, this seems a cruel thing to do, however it made the Rolling Stones produce original and unique music, which everyone loved. Andrew Oldham was also responsible for the rebel image that the Rolling Stones had during the sixties, this encouraged people to follow in the footsteps of their image ideas, it also encouraged the youth of the century to become rebels and independent. Brian Epstein changed the Beatles from common looking boys to professional looking men. He cleaned up their image, changing it from jeans and T-shirts to suits. This impacted the Beatles in a big way, as it meant that older people, who were previously against the Beatles, were now agreeing with the band, condoling the band and buying their music. This growth in the age range that they were selling to caused a huge increase in their profits, purely because of a change of clothes, instigated by Brian. The Beatles also changed to ensure that they were the profile that the record company wanted, so they would be able to continue producing excellent music. Brian Epstein also encouraged a mass amount of the fans that the Beatles had in the beginning, to bring others to like them. Brian decided that to make the Beatles look massive from the beginning he would give money to people to buy their merchandise and pay girls to scream – resulting in everyone following what these people were doing, known as Beatle mania. This was a very wise move for Brian; at it meant the Beatles became enormous in no time. Brian also set rules for the band that would make more people think they were appropriate, such as don't smoke in public and always keep your girls in the background. He furthermore had a part to play in who was actually in the band, he was the one who chose the final band, with the last member being Pete Best – Ringo Starr, even though he had no personality Brian thought he fit the band well, and he was correct. In addition to doing all the background work for the band, he produced money for them in times of need; this made the band successful as it meant they were able to do what needed to be done to become big, due to their amazing manager. Brian basically decided where they went, who they saw, whom they spoke too and created advertising deals for them! Without this great input into their career, they would be nowhere. Another major person in the success of the Beatles is George Martin, their record producer, without him their music wouldn't have sounded like it does. He was the one who sat for hours and listened to the raw music which the band produced and mixed it and made it fit, resulting in it sounding amazing. George also ensured that new sounds were brought into their music regularly, he's the one responsible for keeping them fresh throughout their careers. He furthermore holds a vast amount of the responsibility for the band being so successful, as he's the one that actually decided which songs would be released, and which songs would be binned. Without the expertise of George Martin the music of the Beatles wouldn't sound like it does today! Without the amazing input of George Martin the Beatles wouldn't have had that fresh, unique sound to their music, it wouldn't be the greats material it is considered today! The increasing amount of Television ownership and advertisement played a huge part in the fast success and impact of the Beatles. The Television brought the Beatles to a wider audience, on shows such as Juke Box Jury and Top of the Pops. Without these programmes, the Beatles wouldn't have been known by so many people so rapidly. The Television also meant that the Beatles were impacting more into people's lives, with live performances of their songs, with their styles and with the attitudes that they are showing their viewers. The mass amount of advertisement that the Beatles received meant that people assumed they were excellent, because they were everywhere, resulting in people buying their music, whether they liked it or not. Without the huge input of advertising on Television and Radio the music of the Beatles wouldn't have been known throughout the country so much, and wouldn't have been loved by everyone. The impact of the Rolling Stones and the Beatles was greatly due to their ability to adapt to the changing moods and culture in the sixties. One thing that the Beatles were excellent at was changing with time. They were continually innovative in their music and their appearance, for example; their change in clothing style with the hippies and the change in music style with the increase in drug use – Lucy in the Sky of Diamonds. This resulted in them being loved by everyone, and influencing them on what they were wearing and what they were physically doing. The music of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones was constantly eclectic, experimental and extremist, they were not afraid of the results of their music! For example: the Beatles during the era of drugs released two songs basically telling people to take them: Lucy in the Sky of Diamonds and Strawberry Fields. This showed that they were not afraid to release what they wanted too, and they were experimenting with a different style. They later released Black Birds, supporting the civil rights movement – showing they care about important matters in the world -, which is a great difference to the drug songs they had previously released. Also, to try and bring peace to the world once again they released ‘Back in the USSR', which was a pro communist song. This shows that they are not afraid of being different from the other bands around; they are willing to take a risk and broadcast what they are feeling. The people of the sixties loved this about the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones, hence their huge impact on their lives, as no matter what the song words were the song was loved. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones were also constantly breaking down barriers in their society, which was a constant feature of the trends of the 1960's. Barriers such as parents and older people being against anything new, different or independent for the youth of the sixties, but the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were so good that they even managed to get these generations on their side. Other artists that were around at the time were still providing easy to listen to music, but the Beatles and the Rolling Stones took the risk and released what they wanted, rock music! Older generations were initially against this, but because of the factors previously mentioned they managed to get this generation on their side, meaning they were impacting everyone's lives, and were valued by everyone. Both the Rolling Stones and the Beatles were at the front of new modes of self-presentation, which was a feature of the trends of the 1960's. The Rolling Stones and the Beatles had their own, unique fashion throughout their careers, both having great influences on fashions at the time. The Beatles were suited, clean-cut boys with mop-top haircuts and The Rolling Stones showed the opposite image; messy, and posing for publicity photographs. This made them very popular to many girls for their bad boy image; this soon made them a teen idol group. The behaviour that they were showing on and off stage began to shock many people in society. One example of this is that they were taking drugs. In February 1967 a raid occurred during one of the regular parties, and police discovered a moderate amount of cannabis. The raid also served as the start of made-up stories, mainly about the appearance and behaviour of Mick Jagger's girlfriend Marianne Faithful, which only served to increase their reputation for their bad behaviour. It was also rumoured that the raid was delayed on police instructions to allow Beatles guitarist George Harrison to leave, who was among the guests. Richards was charged and a few months later stood trial for allowing drug use in his home. Jagger was charged with possessing amphetamine tablets. Richards was sentenced to a year's imprisonment and Jagger to four months, prompting this created even more publicity for them. So their actins were starting to create many shocked reactions among the public. This created a great impact, especially on the youth of the sixties. The two biggest bands at the time encouraged them to rebel against parents, relatives, etc and to take drugs. Many saw this as the bad part of their careers, however it all depends on your personal opinion. The Beatles also had a magnificent achievement during their careers, and this was that they were the first British band to break into the American market, successfully transporting â€Å"Beatle mania† to the USA. During 1964 the Beatles swept through the great US cities, drawing tens of thousands to airports just to get a mere glimpse of them. They played for no more than half an hour at each concert, however this hard work guaranteed them star status. A British band conquering America was also a sign of international cultural exchange, and it marked the first of many exchanges between the two countries. The Beatles also made a stand for what the believed in, as they refused to play in segregated audiences, this influenced the people as they saw that it was ok to stand up for what you believed in, and it encouraged different races to mix and become one. The Rolling Stones also made a stand, as they decided to provide music for both their black and their white audiences. In conclusion, both the Beatles and the Rolling Stones had an enormous impact of the people in the 1960's. They encouraged people to relax and live life as they wanted to. Many things influenced their continuing success, including their normality, their style, their music and their behaviour throughout their careers. The Beatles success can be seen clearly through Beatle Mania, wherever they went Beatle Mania followed. They couldn't help this; it was a form of real love for them. George said many years later: â€Å"The world used us as an excuse to go mad, and then blamed it on us†, but there is a parallel theory that it was time for the world to go that sort of mad – get down a bit, loosen up and have some fun. This amazing change in the people of the world was hugely down to the distinctiveness, uniqueness and influential music that the Beatles and the Rolling Stones wrote and released.

Charles Baudrelaire: the Swan

Main theme: Criticism of industrialization and the destruction of Paris Mode of Characterization: presented with melancholy Mood: somber, disheartened, nostalgic Tone: saddened, negative, slow, nostalgic Form: French lyric poem Alienation: The narrator, whom we assume is Baudelaire himself highlights how he was become and alien in his own city. The urban renewal and industrialization has replaced familiar sights and landmarks he had loved.The swan is a symbolically a projection f himself, like the swan he too had been taken from his native land and home. Baudelaire also plays on our understands that not only is he similar to the swan, but so too the orphans; separated from their parent's, and lost sailors and captives never to return to their true home. Allusion / Greek Mythology Baudelaire relies on the allusion to Greek mythology, with the outcome of projecting his despair at the destruction of his city.Much of the understanding of the text derives from the readers understanding of Greek mythology. The lyrical poem open with â€Å"Andromeda, I think of you! Thus Baudelaire is comparing his feelings of loss and devastation with Andromeda, who according to Greek mythology had her husband killed in the war between Troy and Greece. Not only did she had to deal with the loss of her husband in the war, but her beautiful city.Therefore Baudelaire impels via implication that he feel Just as devastated as she would, as bother their beloved cities are destroyed. Allusion / Reference to Ovid and Swan Song Baudelaire also utilizes a reference to Roman poet Ovid. Ovid wrote of the swan song which is a swan's finale gesture or effort before death. Baudelaire employs this motif o highlight his melancholy psyche that Paris is now dead, â€Å"And one old Memory like a crying horn†. Thus he reiterates his melancholy and negative feelings towards to modernization of Paris.Swan is also a symbol of purity and elegance, much like Baudelaire Paris, the swan's death and aban donment, is used to represent that Paris has been abandoned as the â€Å"silent air† indicates a lack of life. Criticism of Destruction / Development / Industrialization Imagery Bothersome, Baudelaire relies heavily on vivid imagery to demonstrate the extensive destruction particularly, the environmental destruction incurred by the arbitration. Endearing swan act as a criticism of the arbitration which would have displaced many animals and destroyed their homes.The survival of the animals seems grim as there was a â€Å"†¦ Waterless stream† which highlights the environmental damage the arbitration incurred. Baudelaire also criticisms the destruction of Paris and the urban development. He remarks â€Å"a town alas, Changes more quickly than man's heart may change† which suggests that modernity and arbitration is too fast paced for human development. Thus the reader is encouraged to mourn the loss of old Paris.

Family assessment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family assessment - Coursework Example This structure is gradually changing, even though here we have considered father as the main provider and mother second authority for the decision making with father. Family assessment is the act of collecting data of a sample of a family and organizing the information derived from the data. However, the main purpose of the assessment is to find out the type of the environment that a child is brought up in. It also tries to find out the challenges that face a certain family and the factors that lead to the challenges. The assessment is done to come up with solutions that can be applied to create a better environment for the family. Through these family assessments, factors behind family failures have been realized and possible measures taken. Now we want observe and explore the idea of evidence based family assessment, which has significant influence on the mental health of the family members as well as the children. As many different researches has been published on this concept, ha ve harnessed here with detail analysis. Description of Family The assessment conducted was in a family made up of a father (49 years), mother (46) and two daughters one 22 years old years and the youngest is 12 years. The father is the provider of most of basic needs. However, the father, mother, and elder daughter make key decisions concerning the family’s financial issues and welfare like school fees and farming expenses. The father works as a salesperson while the mother is a farmer and a homemaker. The eldest daughter is a university student while the young girl is in a primary school. Both the mother and the father are college graduates. The language used by the family is primarily English. The only person available at home all through is the mother. The younger daughter is a day scholar in a nearby private primary school. There are three cats and one dog in the household. The dog is the best pet for the young girl. In this family, the father cannot make a decision witho ut informing the wife and the children. Developmental stage Developmental Stage – Evelyn Duvall has developed 8 stages for a family which is ; Stage-1 Married Couples yet to have children, Stage-2 Family with infant child, Stage-3 Families with pre-school children, Stage-4 School –going children within families, Stage -5 , Families where teenage children Stage-6 , where last children leaving home, Stage-7, -Middle age parents and Stage-8 Aged parents. These are the stages based on the age and the life cycle of the family member. Some may come up with the idea of power differentiation like mother as main decision maker or father, which is frequently appearing in current society. Family Structure- According to the theory of Development by Duvall, this family is in the fifth stage of development. The major issues are balancing of freedom with responsibility as teenagers mature and become increasingly autonomous, refocusing the marital relationship between the parents and communicating openly between parents and children. Child Development According to the theory by Erickson, the two children are in the stage of Fidelity: Identity vs. Role confusion. For one to reach this stage, development mainly depends on what a person is done for. However, at this stage, ones development is dependent on what one does. An

Business change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business change Management - Essay Example Organizational change is a term generally used for an extensive change within the organization where companies try to change, implement or also reengineer their processes. In most cases, organizational change tends to be radical and can lead to reorientation of the business. Any change within an organization is generally based on external factors that impact them and form the driving force. Since organizational changes are very deep-seated stakeholders of the company also tend to be impacted. This paper aims at discussing the changes management strategies that can be adopted by Huanghe Technology to overcome the issues that are being faced within the organization. The paper will provide an overview of the current issues, followed by a detailed discussion of the proposed solution and the possible challenges. Current Issues: The rapid expansion of the business has led the company to develop and work as three different and independent units. Although Huanghe Technology has very effectiv ely implemented latest technologies and has also seen intense growth, the lack of clear support for the customers. Since each of the three business units have grown independently and behave as separate entities with different cultures, there has been a lot of information loss. Huanghe Technology is currently being faced with issues like lack of proper customer support, lacking technical support and also numerous call drops between the customer care and sales teams. Hence it is crucial that the company implements a change plan to help develop an organized and effective approach to resolve this issue. The main focus of the change plan is on the customers and their needs. Huanghe Technology currently has its customer service office in UK and the company currently plans to reorganize this by keeping all of the Customer Service Department activities for the Huanghe UK office under the supervision of a new head. This can cause two main issues, i) resistance from the employees, ii) another independent unit to deal with customer service. Hence these are the main issues that the company currently needs to focus on while developing the change management program. Also, in the case of the SOHO customers, the company has set down two different channels to meet the needs of these customers. The first is where the company caters to the need directly and second where the products is sold by retailers like Tesco. In the retail channel, the technical aspects are dealt with by the company directly. However there is a major gap that has been found here and it is clear that the SOHO customers are not getting adequate technical support from the company. Proposal for New Customer Service Department Customer Relationship Management (CRM) plays an essential role in every business and holds an enormous importance in today’s competitive world. CRM is a business strategy that has been built around the notion of being customer-centric (Evans, O’Maley, & Patterson, 2004). The main aims are to have optimum revenue by better customer satisfaction through improved

Nursing and Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing and Leadership - Assignment Example Despite that, there are a few challenges which are faced in the department. The interviewed Director of Nursing (DON) stated that the lack of LTC taught courses/classes to new graduate students is one of the challenges that they do face and that has to be resolved with immediate effect. This is due to the fact that the ratio of individuals at the centre who need LTC is higher than the staffs that are available to offer it. As a result, some inconveniences and hitches do occur while propagating for effective LTC. In a bid to counter the LTC problem, the leadership that is prevalent in the nursing department matters a lot. If the leadership is based on morale and productivity, then that will yield success in offering LTC to patients else more challenges are prone to be faced on a daily basis. With that, there are a number of leadership styles that can be practiced in the nursing department. However, these depend entirely on variables such as people and the environment. Some of the lead ership styles include: Democratic: This is one of the best leadership styles that a nursing department can incorporate. It advocates for the inclusion of the nurses in the decision making process. This makes them feel motivated as well as part and parcel of the health care facility committee. However, the senior nurse makes the final decisions; Authoritative: This style of leadership is stricter as compared to the democratic leadership style. The senior nurse makes all the decisions without the inclusion of the other nurses. Additionally, the senior nurse gives orders to be done and there is very close supervision of the nurses in the department. This is not the best approach to implement in a nursing environment. The nurses may feel de-motivated, neglected and they may lack innovation in their line of work; Affiliative: This leadership style is focussed on people (nurses). It ensures that the nurses have a satisfactory working environment so that they can deliver superior care serv ices to patients. This style is best to boost morale in the nurses. However, the senior nurse may lack their authoritative figure. Based on the response of the DON, the most effective and efficient leadership styles that ought to be incorporated are the democratic and affiliative leadership styles. In a bid to support this, Goleman (2000) suggested that leaders should incorporate a variety of leadership styles and focus on those that are fruitful. Some of the leadership skills that go hand in hand with good leadership styles include: Interpersonal skills - Which incorporate the aspects of managing the different and unique cultural diversities in the department. It is important for a leader to have the right knowledge while dealing with different cultures since a health care centre is a home to all types of people regardless of their ethnicity background; Democratic skills; Listening skills, Problem solving skills – Which help to solve problems without encountering big risks, Time management skills and Motivational skills. If a leader has a number of the mentioned skills,

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Marketing - Essay Example The NMC, ROI and ROS need to be seen from the tactical and strategic perspectives before one thinks of adopting any of these three or a combination of all of them for the sake of the business. b) Evaluate the employment of profit-oriented marketing objectives in general from a moral-ethical perspective. From a moral-ethical perspective, the profit-oriented marketing objectives must always be aligned in such a way that the people do not suffer due to the same count. This is because the profit-oriented marketing tactics are always aimed at benefiting more and more from the organizational stance. The moral-ethical perspective is such that it is on the opposite side all the same where it focuses more on the people and the society at large rather than mincing any profits or benefits in the long run scheme of things (Wood, 2011). The moral-ethical perspective is such that it will always bank on delivering sound results, however in keeping with the debates of morality more than profit-makin g at the end of the day.